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The pink triangle is easily one of the more popular and
widely-recognized symbols for the gay community. The pink triangle is rooted in World War
II times, and reminds us of the tragedies of that era. Although homosexuals were only one
of the many groups targeted for extermination by the Nazi regime, it is unfortunately the
group that history often excludes. The pink triangle challenges that notion, and defies
anyone to deny history.
The history of the pink triangle begins before WWII, during Adolf Hitler's rise to power.
Paragraph 175, a clause in German law prohibiting homosexual relations, was revised by
Hitler in 1935 to include kissing, embracing, and gay fantasies as well as sexual acts.
Convicted offenders -- an estimated 25,000 just from 1937 to 1939 -- were sent to prison
and then later to concentration camps. Their sentence was to be sterilized, and this was
most often accomplished by castration. In 1942 Hitler's punishment for homosexuality was
extended to death.
Each prisoner in the concentration camps wore a colored inverted triangle to designate
their reason for incarceration, and hence the designation also served to form a sort of
social hierarchy among the prisoners. A green triangle marked its wearer as a regular
criminal; a red triangle denoted a political prisoner. Two yellow triangles overlapping to
form a Star of David designated a Jewish prisoner. The pink triangle was for homosexuals.
A yellow Star of David under a superimposed pink triangle marked the lowest of all
prisoners -- a gay Jew.
Stories of the camps depict homosexual prisoners being given the worst tasks and labors.
Pink triangle prisoners were also a proportionally large focus of attacks from the guards
and even other inmates. Although the total number of the homosexual prisoners is not
known, official Nazi estimates were an underwhelming 10,000.
Although homosexual prisoners reportedly were not shipped en masse to the death camps at
Auschwitz, a great number of gay men were among the non-Jews who were killed there.
Estimates of the number of gay men killed during the Nazi regime range from 50,000 to
twice that figure. When the war was finally over, countless many homosexuals remained
prisoners in the camps, because Paragraph 175 remained law in West Germany until its
repeal in 1969.
In the 1970s, gay liberation groups resurrected the pink triangle as a popular symbol for
the gay rights movement. Not only is the symbol easily recognized, but it draws attention
to oppresion and persecution -- then and now. In the 1980s, ACT-UP (AIDS Coalition To
Unleash Power) began using the pink triangle for their cause. They inverted the symbol,
making it point up, to signify an active fight back rather than a passive resignation to
fate. Today, for many the pink triangle represents pride, solidarity, and a promise to
never allow another Holocaust to happen again.
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